Early Electronic Television
The 1939 New York World's Fair
RCA introduced television to the American public at the 1939 World's Fair. Before the fair, they published a brochure for their dealers to explain television. The opening ceremony and events at the fair were televised, and NBC began regularly scheduled broadcasts.
TRK-12s were on display for viewers to see television. These sets used voltage doublers to power the CRTs with about 10 kv to produce a brighter picture than the sets sold to the public. Here is an inventory of spare tubes that RCA brought to the fair to keep its television display working.
In order to convince skeptical visitors that the TV set was not a trick, one set was made with a transparent case so that the internal components could be seen. As part of the exhibit, visitors could see themselves on television, and were give a card documenting the event.
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David Sarnoff dedicating the RCA building |
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The "Miss Television" Staff
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Joe D'Agostino, manager of the RCA exhibit |
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Other manufacturers had television demonstrations, including General Electric, which demonstrated its own sets; Westinghouse, which had sets on display made for them by RCA; General Motors, which had a picturephone on display, and Crosley, which demonstrated DuMont sets and a DuMont camera.
The following is from "Television in the World of Tomorrow", by Iain Baird, ECHOES, Winter, 1997:
Manufacturers other than RCA exhibited their television receivers at the 1939 World's Fair. In 1938, Allen B. DuMont Laboratories, established by the inventor and entrepreneur of the same name, had already offered the first electronic TV sets for sale to the public (prior to the Fair) with their 180 model. Westinghouse Electric and General Electric offered competing production lines of consumer televisions in their own pavillions. These companies also built studios with live cameras for interviews. Even Ford Motor Company got into the act, with television receivers in their executive lounge. Conspicuously missing was Farnsworth Television. Although Philo T. Farnsworth was the first to demonstrate electronic television technology in 1927, his company was not yet manufacturing commercial television receivers. |
A photograph of an early telecast from the 1939 Worlds Fair
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These pictures of the screen of a TRK-12 were taken in 1940 of NBC programming.
Courtesy of Tom Genova
Stanley Jay, an early Columbus, Ohio television experimenter, took photographs of programming at the fair. Dan Fleming, a West Virginia resident, spent much of the summers of 1939 and 1940 at the fair, where his father worked. Another family recorded a 78 rpm disk at the fair. A woman in Portland, Oregon sent us this account of her father at the fair. Here is a short film showing the RCA television pavilion.
The Fair continued in 1940. RCA put television receivers in the ocean liner President Roosevelt, so passengers could watch the opening ceremonies on May 17:
New York Times, April 28 1940 |
New York Times, May 17 1940 |
Courtesy of John Pinckney
We have a television camera of the type used at the fair on display at the museum. Here are short film clips of the camera in a studio in a studio and outdoors courtesy of Dave Sica.
Here is a postcard showing the RCA building, which was shaped like a vacuum tube
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